Texas Women's Histories

Bureau, US Census. "QuickFacts." US Census Bureau. 2015. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

This source is a series of demographic statistics about the population of the United States published by the US census bureau using information obtained through national surveys. The source is unbiased, composed of raw data, and is published by a credible institution. This source was used to obtain data to supplement our argument.

 

Castillo, Laura. "Diversity in the Physician Workforce Facts & Figures 2010." Association of American Medical Colleges, 2010. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

This source gives physician statistics in a different format than the other sources, and is used to further assess the demographics in medicine. It is an unbiased report published by the Association of American Medical Colleges, the largest healthcare data agency in America. This source was used to obtain data and graphs to supplement our argument in a concise manner.

 

Castillo, Laura. "Section II: Current Status of the U.S. Physician Workforce." AAMC Interactive Report Section II Current Status of the US Physician Workforce Comments. Association of American Medical Colleges, 2015. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

This source gives many pieces of information of the current status of women in the medical field. It divides up the statistics into a variety of categories including age, ethnicity, and profession. It provides a factual understanding of the current demographics in medicine. It is published by the Association of American Medical Colleges, the largest healthcare data agency in America. This source was used to compare minority populations to white populations in medicine.

 

Chen, Pauline W. "Do Women Make Better Doctors?" The New York Times. The New York Times, 05 May 2010. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

The author of this source claims that women bring advantages to medicine that men have not yet brought. They tend to spend more time with the patient, give the patient a larger voice in the medical process, and are favored in fields of obstetrics and gynecology. These factors are not intrinsic to women, but rather they are behaviors that can be learned, which could improve healthcare outcomes. This article was not a data driven study, which may have made it subject to survivorship bias and other factors. Additionally, this article cites a correlation, but cannot confirm if it is a causation.

However, we used this article in our project because it high lights many advantages that arise when women enter the medical field. Additionally, it is likely that these different behaviors can positively impact the health care process for a variety of populations and can balance patient-doctor relationships.

 

Jamison, JoEllen. "Impact of Medicare Part D on Racial and Ethnic Minorities." Diversity and Equality in Health and Care 13.5 (2016): 326-33. Print.

This review used various databases to perform comprehensive research on academic literature about this topic. They compiled this research to assess the inequality in the use of medication between minority and white Medicare participants. The review found that minorities had trouble paying for medication, even after Medicare Part D was implemented to aid low-income, elderly people with medication payments. White participants benefitted more from this program than their minority counterparts, even though minority participants are more likely to lie below the federal poverty level. Although, this review, while comprehensive, does not account for other variables affecting pricing that is not within the scope of Medicare. However, this review was able to provide insight into the inequality that exists in access to health care, and it supplements our argument in the project.

 

Saha, Somnath. "Student Body Racial and Ethnic Composition and Diversity-Related Outcomes in US Medical Schools." Jama 300.10 (2008): 1135-145. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

This source was a study that tried to observe whether ethnic diversity in the student body in medical schools was associated with positive outcomes in the quality of care given. The author created a web based survey to give to medical school students from medical schools that have different populations of minorities. The results she found were that all students, especially white students, from schools with the highest percentage of minority students reported to feel better prepared to take care of a diverse patient body. Additionally, students had stronger feelings towards the idea that all populations should have equal access to healthcare. Furthermore, the study also realized that underrepresented populations practice medicine in underserved areas at a much higher rate than other populations; thus, increasing the percent of underrepresented minorities in the student body will, in turn, increase the access to healthcare that underserved areas receive.

We used this study to support our claim that diversity in medicine has real benefits for everyone involved. Additionally, it offered a method to increase access to healthcare in underserved areas, one that we advocated for in our project. However, this study had limitations because the self-rated data could only represent opinions and not true data. Additionally, the data could be influenced by survivorship bias, where those interested in diversity chose diverse schools and vice verse. Regardless, the data was still impactful because of its size and multifaceted approach and has policy implications.

 

"Statistics - Group on Women in Medicine and Science (GWIMS) - Member Center - AAMC." Statistics - Group on Women in Medicine and Science (GWIMS) - Member Center - AAMC. Association of American Medical Colleges, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

This source provides a series of statistics on career paths that women take once entering the medical profession. It provides raw data with no commentary, making it an unbiased, informative source. It is published by the Association of American Medical Colleges, the largest healthcare data agency in America. This source was used to obtain information about the status of women in higher level administrative posts in medicine.

 

Wells, Charlie. "The Good and Bad Statistics on Women in Medicine." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, 29 Oct. 2015. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

This source cites statistics on increased participation of women in medicine and poses questions on how this could impact how health care is administered. It claims that women are more likely to exhibit certain positive traits in medicine, but does not provide comprehensive research on these traits. However, the article is true that women could bring a variety of positive outcomes in health care, and this was what we centered our project on.